Zeugophora turneri Power, 1863

Although widespread through Siberia and Asia, in Europe this species is largely restricted to the north; to the UK, Belgium and eastwards in countries bordering the Baltic as well as Norway, Belarus and Slovakia which seems to be the southern extent of the distribution. In the UK it is now restricted to a few sites in central and northern Scotland, having been lost over recent decades from some of its former Scottish sites, it is generally very local and rare although may be locally abundant. Adults overwinter and are active from April until October, peaking in abundance in June and July; they occur in mixed and deciduous woodland on aspen (Populus tremula L.) and birch (Betula pendula Roth. and B. pubescens Ehrh.) Mating occurs early in the season and females oviposit from June, they chew small pits in the underside of aspen leaves and deposit a few eggs which they cover with a defensive secretion, this oviposition site remains visible from above as an opaque spot. Larvae are legless, flattened and yellow in colour, they mine the mesophyll communally and create extensive blotch mines scattered with dark frass. Mature larvae leave the mine by cutting a slit in the upper surface; they then fall to the ground where they pupate in an earthen cell below the surface, adults eclose through late summer and feed on foliage for a while, producing small perforations which may extensively cover individual leaves, before they enter the soil to overwinter. Adults are fully-winged and probably capable of flight.

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3.2-3.6 mm. Easily distinguished among our fauna by the entirely pale orange or yellow colour and the form of the pronotum. Head transverse with large, convex and weakly emarginate eyes and short, strongly converging temples, frons without distinct impressions and labrum emarginate anteriorly, antennae inserted in a groove beside the mandibles, 11-segmented and serrate. Pronotum transverse, lateral margins produced into a large tooth about the middle, narrowed to a straight anterior margin and almost parallel-sided behind the middle to slightly acute posterior angles, surface densely and moderately strongly punctured throughout. Elytra elongate-oval with broad rounded shoulders and a continuously curved apical margin, surface without striae, strongly and randomly punctured throughout. Metathorax and abdomen black. Legs long and slender, femora without ventral teeth, front tibiae with a single apical spur, middle and hind tibiae with two. Tarsi 5-segmented but appearing 4-segmented as the small fourth segment is partially hidden within the strongly bilobed third segment, claws smooth and bifid.